引言

preseed是Debian和Ubuntu操作系统中用于自动化安装过程的一种方式。通过编写一个包含预定义答案的配置文件（称为preseed文件），可以在安装过程中自动回答安装程序的各种问题，从而实现无人值守或自定义化的安装。preseed文件包含了安装过程中可能涉及到的各种问题的答案，比如语言选择、时区设置、分区方案、软件包选择、用户账户等等。

使用preseed可以大大简化大规模部署系统的过程，提高效率并减少可能出错的几率。结合genisoimage等工具，可以将preseed文件与安装介质打包在一起，以便进行自动化安装。这样就能够轻松地实现定制化安装，节省时间和精力。

2024-04-09:文档更新
更新内容：

  • 如何替换官版iso镜像内核为自定义内核（可选）
  • 如何为官版iso镜像注入指定的硬件驱动（可选）

安装工具

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apt -y install genisoimage

下载镜像

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[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/debian-cd/12.0.0/amd64/iso-cd/debian-12.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake]# mount debian-12.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso mnt/
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake]# tree ./ -L 2
./
├── debian-12.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso
├── isofiles
└── mnt
    ├── boot
    ├── css
    ├── debian -> .
    ├── dists
    ├── doc
    ├── EFI
    ├── firmware
    ├── install
    ├── install.amd
    ├── isolinux
    ├── md5sum.txt
    ├── pics
    ├── pool
    ├── README.html
    ├── README.mirrors.html
    ├── README.mirrors.txt
    ├── README.source
    └── README.txt

编辑镜像

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[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake]# cp -rT mnt/ isofiles/
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake]# ls isofiles/
boot  debian  doc  firmware  install.amd  md5sum.txt  pool         README.mirrors.html  README.source
css   dists   EFI  install   isolinux     pics        README.html  README.mirrors.txt   README.txt

添加预设文件

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[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles]# cat conf/auto.preseed  
 
### 本地化
# 中文
d-i debian-installer/locale string zh_CN.UTF-8
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8
 
 
### 网络
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
d-i netcfg/enable boolean true
#d-i netcfg/disable_autoconfig boolean true
#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true
#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.10.20
#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0
#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.10.1
#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 8.8.8.8
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string debian
d-i netcfg/get_domain string
 
 
### Network console
#d-i anna/choose_modules string network-console
#d-i network-console/password password passwd
#d-i network-console/password-again password passwd
 
 
### Mirror
d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string mirrors.aliyun.com
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
d-i mirror/http/proxy string
 
 
### Account setup
#d-i passwd/root-login boolean false
#d-i passwd/user-fullname string VDI
#d-i passwd/username string vdi
#d-i passwd/user-password-crypted password $6$tqS.VkgdFyXhE7Zd$gAbPpQ.fD8Zb0A3AjDuWzfYuwNntQ9fUHHqCmjmthNyIGbdfKCdrtgEi4hfuaZulx16BTuGMbvNe4K/v/B58Q/
d-i passwd/root-login boolean true
d-i passwd/make-user boolean false
d-i passwd/root-password password 123456
d-i passwd/root-password-again password 123456
 
 
### 时区
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
 
### 分区
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/[sv]da
# 用第一块盘来操作分区
#d-i partman/early_command string \
#       ONEDISK="$(lsblk -l -n -o NAME -d -p | grep '/dev/vda\|/dev/nvme0n1\|/dev/sda\|/dev/xvda'|sort|tail -n 1)"; \
#       debconf-set partman-auto/disk "$ONEDISK"; \
#       debconf-set grub-installer/bootdev "$ONEDISK";
# 常规分区
d-i partman-auto/method string regular
# 禁止swap分区
d-i partman-basicfilesystems/no_swap boolean false
# 如果硬盘内之前有lvm或是raid的分区，全部删除
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
 
# 分区，一个boot分区最小512M，1优先级，最大1024M
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string                    \
      boot-root ::                                       \
              512 1 1024 ext4                            \
                 $primary{ } $bootable{ }                \
                 method{ format } format{ }              \
                 use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 }    \
                 mountpoint{ /boot }                     \
              .                                          \
              1 2 -1 xfs                             \
                  method{ format } format{ }             \
                  use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ xfs }    \
                  mountpoint{ / }                        \
              .                                         
 
# 非交互式完成分区
## 确认是否写入新的分区标签。设置为"true"表示允许写入新的分区标签。
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
## 安装程序在选择分区时选择“完成”选项，即跳过手动选择分区的步骤。
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
## 确认分区的操作。设置为"true"表示允许自动确认分区操作。
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
## 确认是否覆盖分区。设置为"true"表示允许自动确认分区操作
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
 
### Apt setup
# 不启用非自由（non-free）软件包源。
d-i apt-setup/non-free boolean true
# 启用贡献（contrib）软件包源。
d-i apt-setup/contrib boolean true
# 选择了主要（main）软件包源，以确保安装基本软件。
d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect main
# 允许在安装过程中使用未经身份验证的软件包源。
d-i debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated boolean true
# 光盘相关
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-next boolean false  
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-failed boolean false
 
 
### Package selection
# 标准安装
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard
d-i pkgsel/upgrade select none
d-i pkgsel/language-packs multiselect en, zh
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server
d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none
 
# 禁止在安装的时候弹出popularity
popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false
 
### Boot loader installation
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/bootdev string /dev/[sv]da
 
# 安装完成之后不要弹出安装完成的界面，直接重启
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
 
# 允许ssh服务使用root用户登录
d-i preseed/late_command string in-target sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

修改启动

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# 背景图修改
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake]# ls -l isofiles/isolinux/splash.png
 
 
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles]# cp isolinux/gtk.cfg isolinux/gtk_auto.cfg
 
# 去掉默认选项
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles]# vim isolinux/gtk.cfg
label installgui
        menu label ^Graphical install
        kernel /install.amd/vmlinuz
        append vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/gtk/initrd.gz --- quiet
 
# 添加表单选项
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles]# vim isolinux/gtk_auto.cfg
default autoinstallgui
label autoinstallgui
        menu label ^Auto Install
        menu default
        kernel /install.amd/vmlinuz
        append vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/gtk/initrd.gz auto=true file=/cdrom/conf/auto.preseed --- quiet
 
timeout 10
 
ontimeout /install.amd/vmlinuz vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/gtk/initrd.gz auto=true file=/cdrom/conf/auto.preseed --- quiet
 
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles/isolinux]# vim isolinux/menu.cfg
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles/isolinux]# cat menu.cfg
menu hshift 4
menu width 70
 
menu title Bli Debian 12 Installer (BIOS mode)
include stdmenu.cfg
include gtk_auto.cfg #加这一行
include gtk.cfg
include txt.cfg
 
# 删掉默认超时配置
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake]# rm -rf isofiles/isolinux/spkgtk.cfg

修改内核为自研内核（可选）

这里为B站内部自研内核不方便挂链接，可以替换为你们自己编译的内核

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[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake]# mkdir kernel
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake]# cd kernel/
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/kernel]#
wget http://mirrors.bilixxx.xxx/debian-custom/pool/main-stretch/l/linux/5.10.0-103/linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili_20220321162725-96b29d4680e3_amd64.deb
wget http://mirrors.bilixxx.xxx/debian-custom/pool/main-stretch/l/linux/5.10.0-103/linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_20220321162725-96b29d4680e3_amd64.deb
wget http://mirrors.bilixxx.xxx/debian-custom/pool/main-stretch/l/linux/5.10.0-103/linux-libc-dev_20220321162725-96b29d4680e3_amd64.deb
wget http://mirrors.bilixxx.xxx/debian-custom/pool/main-stretch/l/linux/5.10.0-103/linux-tools-5.10.0-103-bili_20220321162725-96b29d4680e3_amd64.deb
 
# 重命名
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/kernel]# ls
linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb  linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb  linux-libc-dev_amd64.deb  linux-tools-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb

删除替换镜像内原内核

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# 原内核
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/kernel]# ls ../isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/
linux-compiler-gcc-12-x86_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb    linux-headers-6.1.0-9-common_6.1.27-1_all.deb  linux-libc-dev_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb
linux-headers-6.1.0-9-amd64_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb  linux-kbuild-6.1_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb
 
# 删除原内核
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/kernel]# rm -rf ../isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/*
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/kernel]# ls ../isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/
 
# 拷贝自研内核
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/kernel]# cp ./* ../isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/kernel]# ls ../isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/
linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb  linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb  linux-libc-dev_amd64.deb  linux-tools-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/kernel]# ls -l ../isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/
total 65384
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  8021830 Apr  7 17:52 linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52777856 Apr  7 17:52 linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1138684 Apr  7 17:52 linux-libc-dev_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5006500 Apr  7 17:52 linux-tools-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/kernel]# cd ../isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/
 
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux]# chmod 555 ./*
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux]# ls -l
total 65384
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root  8021830 Apr  7 17:52 linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 52777856 Apr  7 17:52 linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root  1138684 Apr  7 17:52 linux-libc-dev_amd64.deb
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root  5006500 Apr  7 17:52 linux-tools-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb

更改官版iso镜像安装的目标内核

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[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64]# rm -rf linux-image-6.1.0-9-amd64_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64]# mkdir ./linux-image ./linux-headers
 
# 宿主机为centos 没有dpkg 这里用docker启动一个debian镜像继续操作
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64# ls
btrfs-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb          mtd-core-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
crc-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb            multipath-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
crypto-dm-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb      nbd-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
crypto-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb         nic-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
efi-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb            nic-pcmcia-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
event-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb          nic-shared-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
ext4-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb           nic-usb-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
f2fs-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb           nic-wireless-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
firewire-core-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb  pata-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
fuse-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb           pcmcia-storage-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
i2c-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb            ppp-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
jfs-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb            rfkill-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
linux-headers                                               scsi-nic-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
linux-headers-amd64_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb                      sound-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
linux-image                                                 squashfs-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
linux-image-amd64_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb                        udf-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
loop-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb           uinput-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
md-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb             xfs-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
mmc-core-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64-di_6.1.27-1_amd64.udeb
 
# 解压包
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64# dpkg -X linux-image-amd64_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb linux-image
./
./usr/
./usr/share/
./usr/share/bug/
./usr/share/bug/linux-image-amd64/
./usr/share/bug/linux-image-amd64/presubj
./usr/share/doc/
./usr/share/doc/linux-image-amd64
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64# dpkg -X linux-headers-amd64_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb linux-headers
./
./usr/
./usr/share/
./usr/share/doc/
./usr/share/lintian/
./usr/share/lintian/overrides/
./usr/share/lintian/overrides/linux-headers-amd64
./usr/share/doc/linux-headers-amd64
 
# dpkg -e 从一个 Debian 软件包中提取控制信息并解压缩软件包的数据。在这个命令中，../linux-image-amd64_4.9+80+deb9u6_amd64.deb 是指定的 Debian 软件包文件。通过该命令，你可以提取软件包的控制信息，比如包名、版本号、依赖关系等，并将软件包的数据解压缩到当前目录。
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-headers# ls
usr
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-headers# dpkg -e ../linux-headers-amd64_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-headers# ls
DEBIAN  usr
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-headers# cd ../linux-image
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-image# dpkg -e ../linux-image-amd64_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-image# ls
DEBIAN  usr
 
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-image# cat DEBIAN/control
Package: linux-image-amd64
Source: linux-signed-amd64 (6.1.27+1)
Version: 6.1.27-1
Architecture: amd64
Maintainer: Debian Kernel Team <debian-kernel@lists.debian.org>
Installed-Size: 13
Depends: linux-image-6.1.0-9-amd64 (= 6.1.27-1) #改这里，将版本号
Provides: linux-image-generic, linux-latest-modules-6.1.0-9-amd64, virtualbox-guest-modules, wireguard-modules (= 1.0.0)
Built-Using: linux (= 6.1.27-1)
Section: kernel
Priority: optional
Homepage: https://www.kernel.org/
Description: Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package)
 This package depends on the latest Linux kernel and modules for use on PCs
 with AMD64, Intel 64 or VIA Nano processors.
 
 
#编辑
image包
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-image# sed -i 's#Depends: linux-image-6.1.0-9-amd64 (= 6.1.27-1)#Depends: linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili#g' DEBIAN/control
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-image# dpkg -b ./ linux-image-amd64_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb
 
#head包
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-headers# sed -i 's#Depends: linux-headers-6.1.0-9-amd64 (= 6.1.27-1)#Depends: linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili#g' DEBIAN/control
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-headers# dpkg -b ./ linux-headers-amd64_6.1.27-1_amd64.deb
 
替换掉上级目录的linux image和head包

更新索引（如果修改了内核）

更新Packages.gz文件
Packages.gz 文件是 Debian 软件包索引文件的一种压缩形式。它包含了软件源中所有可用软件包的信息，如软件包名称、版本号、描述、依赖关系等。具体来说，Packages.gz 文件的作用包括：

  • 软件包索引：Packages.gz 文件是软件源的索引文件，列出了软件源中可用的所有软件包的详细信息。
  • 软件包信息：每个软件包的信息包括软件包的名称、版本、大小、依赖关系、描述等内容，帮助用户了解和选择合适的软件包进行安装。
  • 提供给包管理器使用：当用户使用包管理器（如 apt）搜索、安装或更新软件时，会通过读取 Packages.gz 文件来获取软件包信息，并根据其中的数据进行操作。
  • 减少数据传输量：压缩后的 Packages.gz 文件可以减少网络数据传输量，提高下载速度并减少带宽占用。

总的来说，Packages.gz 文件是 Debian 软件包管理系统中重要的组成部分，用于提供软件包的元数据信息，使用户能够方便地管理和安装软件包。

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root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles# ls
EFI          README.mirrors.html  README.source  boot  css     dists  firmware  install.amd  md5sum.txt  pool
README.html  README.mirrors.txt   README.txt     conf  debian  doc    install   isolinux     pics
 
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles# dpkg-scanpackages pool/main/ /dev/null |tee dists/bookworm/main/binary-amd64/Packages |gzip > dists/bookworm/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz

更新Release文件

dists/bookworm/Release 是 Debian 发行版中的一个文件，用于指示软件源（repository）中可用软件包的版本和其他相关信息。具体来说，它的作用包括：

  • 版本信息：Release 文件会列出软件源中各个软件包的版本号，以及它们所属的分支（如 stable、testing、unstable 等）。
  • 数字签名：Release 文件中通常包含软件源的数字签名，用于验证软件包的完整性和真实性。这有助于防止恶意软件注入或篡改。
  • 其他元数据：除了版本信息外，Release 文件还可能包含其他元数据，如软件包的依赖关系、建议安装的软件包等。
  • 提供给包管理器使用：当用户使用包管理器（如 apt）来更新软件包列表或安装新软件包时，系统会根据 dists/bookworm/Release 文件中的信息来确定可用的软件包版本和来源。

总的来说，dists/bookworm/Release 文件是 Debian 发行版中用于描述软件源中可用软件包的元数据文件之一，对软件包的管理和维护起着重要的作用。

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# 备份源文件
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/dists/bookworm# ls
Release  main  non-free-firmware
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/dists/bookworm# mv Release{,.bak} 
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/dists/bookworm# ls
Release.bak  main  non-free-firmware
 
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/dists/bookworm# cat > makedb.sh <<'EOF'
> #!/bin/bash
 
if [ "$1" == "checksum_md5" ]; then
        printf ' '$(md5sum $2 | cut --delimiter=' ' --fields=1)' %16d '$2'\n' $(wc --bytes $2 | cut --delimiter=' ' --fields=1)
        exit
elif [ "$1" == "checksum_sha1" ]; then
        printf ' '$(sha1sum $2 | cut --delimiter=' ' --fields=1)' %16d '$2'\n' $(wc --bytes $2 | cut --delimiter=' ' --fields=1)
        exit
elif [ "$1" == "checksum_sha256" ]; then
        printf ' '$(sha256sum $2 | cut --delimiter=' ' --fields=1)' %16d '$2'\n' $(wc --bytes $2 | cut --delimiter=' ' --fields=1)
        exit
elif [ "$1" == "checksum_sha512" ]; then
        printf ' '$(sha512sum $2 | cut --delimiter=' ' --fields=1)' %16d '$2'\n' $(wc --bytes $2 | cut --delimiter=' ' --fields=1)
        exit
fi
 
SELF_SCRIPT="`pwd`/$0"
 
echo "Calculing hash for packages..."
echo "MD5Sum:" >> Release
find main/ -type f | xargs -n 1 $SELF_SCRIPT checksum_md5 >> Release
echo "SHA1:" >> Release
find main/ -type f | xargs -n 1 $SELF_SCRIPT checksum_sha1 >> Release
echo "SHA256:" >> Release
find main/ -type f | xargs -n 1 $SELF_SCRIPT checksum_sha256 >> Release
echo "SHA512:" >> Release
find main/ -type f | xargs -n 1 $SELF_SCRIPT checksum_sha512 >> Release
> EOF
 
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/dists/bookworm# ls
Release.bak  main  makedb.sh  non-free-firmware
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/dists/bookworm# ./makedb.sh
 
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/dists/bookworm# head -n 12 Release.bak
Origin: Debian
Label: Debian
Suite: stable
Version: 12.0
Codename: bookworm
Changelogs: https://metadata.ftp-master.debian.org/changelogs/@CHANGEPATH@_changelog
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2023 08:51:17 UTC
Acquire-By-Hash: yes
No-Support-for-Architecture-all: Packages
Architectures: amd64
Components: main
Description: Debian 12.0 Released 10 June 2023
root@d1f49e856234:/data/isofiles/dists/bookworm# head -n 12 Release    
Origin: Debian
Label: Debian
Suite: stable
Version: 12.0
Codename: bookworm
Changelogs: https://metadata.ftp-master.debian.org/changelogs/@CHANGEPATH@_changelog
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2023 08:51:17 UTC
Acquire-By-Hash: yes
No-Support-for-Architecture-all: Packages
Architectures: amd64
Components: main
Description: Debian 12.0 Released 10 June 2023
 
将Release.bak文件头12行粘贴到新Release中

重新生成md5sum.txt

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[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles]# chmod +w md5sum.txt
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles]# find -follow -type f ! -name md5sum.txt -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum > md5sum.txt
find: File system loop detected; ‘./debian’ is part of the same file system loop as ‘.’.
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles]# ls -lh
total 176K
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:29 boot
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:48 conf
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:29 css
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    1 Feb 26 14:29 debian -> .
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:29 dists
dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:29 doc
dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:29 EFI
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:29 firmware
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:29 install
dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:29 install.amd
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 26 15:05 isolinux
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  93K Feb 26 15:09 md5sum.txt
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:29 pics
dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 26 14:29 pool
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 8.6K Feb 26 14:29 README.html
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  291 Feb 26 14:29 README.mirrors.html
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   86 Feb 26 14:29 README.mirrors.txt
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  543 Feb 26 14:29 README.source
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 5.3K Feb 26 14:29 README.txt
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles]# chmod -w md5sum.txt
[root@nvm-jscs02-cloud-dev-01 /data/isomake/isofiles]# cd ..

打包

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genisoimage -r -J -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o preseed-debian-12.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso isofiles

genisoimage是一个用于创建ISO映像文件的工具。

  • -r: 生成Rock Ridge目录结构，以支持长文件名和符号链接等UNIX特性。
  • -J: 生成Joliet目录信息，以支持Windows系统对长文件名的识别。
  • -b isolinux/isolinux.bin: 指定引导映像的位置和名称。
  • -c isolinux/boot.cat: 指定引导目录表的位置和名称。
  • -no-emul-boot: 指定不使用光盘仿真模式来引导。
  • -boot-load-size 4: 指定引导加载程序的大小为4扇区。
  • -boot-info-table: 生成引导信息表，用于在ISO中保存引导信息。
  • -o preseed-debian-12.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso: 指定生成的ISO文件的名称。
  • isofiles: 指定需要添加到ISO中的文件和目录。
    通过这些参数，genisoimage将创建一个包含指定文件和目录的ISO映像文件，并设置好引导相关的信息，以便在启动时正确加载操作系统或其他内容。

测试

[{"url":"/images/pasted-328.png","alt":"点击"},{"url":"/images/pasted-327.gif","alt":"test"}]

内核替换测试

内核测试

驱动添加/更新

在上面测试镜像所安装的测试机器上对需要加入的驱动编译安装，否则编译内核版本与实际封装的版本不一致可能会出问题(需要安装内核同版本的linux-header 和 gcc工具)

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intel i40e网卡驱动
下载地址：https://www.intel.cn/content/www/cn/zh/download/18026/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-pcie-40-gigabit-ethernet-network-connections-under-linux.html  
 
root@debian:~# tar -xf i40e-2.24.6.tar.gz 
root@debian:~# cd i40e-2.24.6/src/
 
root@debian:~/i40e-2.24.6/src# make
filtering include/net/flow_keys.h out
filtering include/linux/jump_label_type.h out
filtering include/linux/jump_label_type.h out
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili'
/root/i40e-2.24.6/src/Makefile:39: 2
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_main.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_ethtool.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_xsk.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_adminq.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_common.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_hmc.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_lan_hmc.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_nvm.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_debugfs.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_diag.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_txrx.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_ptp.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_filters.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_ddp.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_client.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_virtchnl_pf.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_dcb.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e_dcb_nl.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/kcompat.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/kcompat_vfd.o
  LD [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e.o
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/auxiliary.o
  LD [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/intel_auxiliary.o
/root/i40e-2.24.6/src/Makefile:39: 2
  MODPOST /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/Module.symvers
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e.mod.o
  LD [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e.ko
  CC [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/intel_auxiliary.mod.o
  LD [M]  /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/intel_auxiliary.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili'
 
root@debian:~/i40e-2.24.6/src# echo $?
0
 
root@debian:~/i40e-2.24.6/src# make install
filtering include/net/flow_keys.h out
filtering include/linux/jump_label_type.h out
filtering include/linux/jump_label_type.h out
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili'
/root/i40e-2.24.6/src/Makefile:39: 2
/root/i40e-2.24.6/src/Makefile:39: 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili'
Installing modules...
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili'
  INSTALL /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/i40e.ko
  INSTALL /root/i40e-2.24.6/src/intel_auxiliary.ko
  DEPMOD  5.10.0-103-bili
Warning: modules_install: missing 'System.map' file. Skipping depmod.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili'
make auxiliary_install
make[1]: Entering directory '/root/i40e-2.24.6/src'
filtering include/net/flow_keys.h out
filtering include/linux/jump_label_type.h out
filtering include/linux/jump_label_type.h out
Installing auxiliary...
install -D -m 644 Module.symvers /lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/extern-symvers/intel_auxiliary.symvers
install -d /lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/updates/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/auxiliary
mv -f /lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/updates/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/intel_auxiliary.ko* /lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/updates/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/auxiliary/
install -d //lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/build/include/linux
install -D -m 644 linux/auxiliary_bus.h auxiliary_compat.h kcompat_generated_defs.h -t //lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/build/include/linux
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/i40e-2.24.6/src'
/sbin/depmod -e -F /boot/System.map-5.10.0-103-bili  -a 5.10.0-103-bili
depmod: WARNING: /lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/i40iw/i40iw.ko needs unknown symbol i40e_unregister_client
depmod: WARNING: /lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/i40iw/i40iw.ko needs unknown symbol i40e_register_client
Updating initramfs...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-103-bili
make mandocs_install
make[1]: Entering directory '/root/i40e-2.24.6/src'
filtering include/net/flow_keys.h out
filtering include/linux/jump_label_type.h out
filtering include/linux/jump_label_type.h out
Copying manpages...
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/i40e-2.24.6/src'
root@debian:~/i40e-2.24.6/src# echo $?
0
 
# 拿到编译后的.ko文件
root@debian:/lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/updates/drivers/net/ethernet/intel# tree ./
./
|-- auxiliary
|   `-- intel_auxiliary.ko
`-- i40e
    `-- i40e.ko
 
# 检查依赖
root@debian:/lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/updates/drivers/net/ethernet/intel# modinfo ./i40e/i40e.ko
filename:       /lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/updates/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/./i40e/i40e.ko
version:        2.24.6
license:        GPL
description:    Intel(R) 40-10 Gigabit Ethernet Connection Network Driver
author:         Intel Corporation, <e1000-devel@lists.sourceforge.net>
srcversion:     3C6B125A18A073136C3A997
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000158Bsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000158Asv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00000DDAsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037D3sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037D2sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037D1sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037D0sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037CFsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037CEsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00000D58sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00000CF8sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001588sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001587sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000104Fsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000104Esv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000015FFsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001589sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001586sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000101Fsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00000DD2sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001585sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001584sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001583sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001581sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001580sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001574sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001572sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
depends:        ptp,intel_auxiliary # 依赖intel_auxiliary
name:           i40e
vermagic:       5.10.0-103-bili SMP mod_unload modversions
parm:           debug:Debug level (0=none,...,16=all) (int)
parm:           l4mode:L4 cloud filter mode: 0=UDP,1=TCP,2=Both,-1=Disabled(default) (int)
 
拷贝两个ko文件备用

进入官方iso解包后的目录，找到我们自定义内核文件的位置

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# 解包自研内核包
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux# mkdir linux-image
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux# ls
linux-headers-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb  linux-image  linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb  linux-libc-dev_amd64.deb  linux-tools-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb
 
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux# dpkg -X linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb ./linux-image
./
./boot/
./boot/System.map-5.10.0-103-bili
./boot/config-5.10.0-103-bili
./boot/vmlinuz-5.10.0-103-bili
./etc/
./etc/kernel/
./etc/kernel/postinst.d/
./etc/kernel/postrm.d/
./etc/kernel/preinst.d/
./etc/kernel/prerm.d/
./lib/
./lib/modules/
./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/
./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/
./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/arch/
./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/arch/x86/
./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/arch/x86/crypto/
./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/arch/x86/crypto/aegis128-aesni.ko
...
 
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux# cd linux-image
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# dpkg -e ../linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb
 
# 上一步编译好的ko文件
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux# ls /data/kernel/intel/
auxiliary  i40e #目录
 
# 复制替换
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# find ./ -name "i40e.ko"
./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e.ko
 
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# ls ./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/
e100.ko  e1000  e1000e  i40e  iavf  ice  igb  igbvf  igc  ixgb  ixgbe  ixgbevf
 
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# cp -r /data/kernel/intel/* ./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# ls -l ./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/
total 132
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  8 08:44 auxiliary #新增
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 84968 Mar 21  2022 e100.ko
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 e1000
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 e1000e
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 i40e #变更
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 iavf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 ice
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 igb
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 igbvf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 igc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 ixgb
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 ixgbe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 21  2022 ixgbevf
 
# 检查是否一致
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# md5sum /data/kernel/intel/i40e/i40e.ko
440a5e906874f9861869100303281222  /data/kernel/intel/i40e/i40e.ko
 
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# md5sum /data/kernel/intel/auxiliary/intel_auxiliary.ko
a34fdffe7b827e7606e3b2c6c46d06c0  /data/kernel/intel/auxiliary/intel_auxiliary.ko
 
--
 
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# md5sum ./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e.ko
440a5e906874f9861869100303281222  ./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e.ko
 
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# md5sum ./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/auxiliary/intel_auxiliary.ko
a34fdffe7b827e7606e3b2c6c46d06c0  ./lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/auxiliary/intel_auxiliary.ko
 
# 将所需要升级或集成的驱动文件拷贝或替换，然后回到刚刚生成的校验文件。将替换的驱动和集成的驱动的md5值写入解压后内核包的md5sums文件中
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# grep -E "i40e.ko|intel_auxiliary.ko" DEBIAN/md5sums
b11aad828bb0bd6beb41261e7cb1d013  lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e.ko
 
# 替换旧驱动和添加新驱动intel_auxiliary.ko
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# sed -i 's#b11aad828bb0bd6beb41261e7cb1d013#440a5e906874f9861869100303281222#g' DEBIAN/md5sums
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# echo "a34fdffe7b827e7606e3b2c6c46d06c0  lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/auxiliary/intel_auxiliary.ko" >> DEBIAN/md5sums
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# grep -E "i40e.ko|intel_auxiliary.ko" DEBIAN/md5sums
440a5e906874f9861869100303281222  lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e.ko
a34fdffe7b827e7606e3b2c6c46d06c0  lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/auxiliary/intel_auxiliary.ko
 
# 构建新的image包
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# dpkg -b ./ ../linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb
dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili' in '../linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb'.
root@04807b743cb2:/data/isofiles/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image# ls -l ../linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 54929480 Apr  8 08:56 ../linux-image-5.10.0-103-bili_amd64.deb

从更新索引开始往后继续执行，最后打包测试

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root@debian:~# uname -a
Linux debian 5.10.0-103-bili #96b29d4680e3 SMP Mon Mar 21 16:28:39 HKT 2022 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@debian:~# depmod -a
root@debian:~# modinfo intel_auxiliary
filename:       /lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/auxiliary/intel_auxiliary.ko
author:         linux.nics@intel.com
description:    Auxiliary Bus Standalone
license:        GPL v2
depends:       
name:           intel_auxiliary
vermagic:       5.10.0-103-bili SMP mod_unload modversions
root@debian:~# modinfo i40e
filename:       /lib/modules/5.10.0-103-bili/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e.ko
version:        2.24.6
license:        GPL
description:    Intel(R) 40-10 Gigabit Ethernet Connection Network Driver
author:         Intel Corporation, <e1000-devel@lists.sourceforge.net>
srcversion:     3C6B125A18A073136C3A997
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000158Bsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000158Asv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00000DDAsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037D3sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037D2sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037D1sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037D0sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037CFsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000037CEsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00000D58sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00000CF8sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001588sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001587sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000104Fsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000104Esv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000015FFsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001589sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001586sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000101Fsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00000DD2sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001585sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001584sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001583sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001581sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001580sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001574sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001572sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
depends:        ptp,intel_auxiliary
name:           i40e
vermagic:       5.10.0-103-bili SMP mod_unload modversions
parm:           debug:Debug level (0=none,...,16=all) (int)
parm:           l4mode:L4 cloud filter mode: 0=UDP,1=TCP,2=Both,-1=Disabled(default) (int)

可以看到更新的i40e 新驱动网卡和新添加的intel_auxiliary（i40e的依赖项）都已经加载成功了～

参考文档：